vagrant

介绍

通常用vagrant 来管理VirtualBox ,VMWare，方便测试环境的创建，销毁。不常折腾用virtualbox, 反复折腾用vagrant。

安装

下载virtualbox

下载vagrant

-- 安装依赖
yum --enablerepo=epel -y install fuse-sshfs
yum install bsdtar
yum -y install gcc kernel kernel-devel

常用方法

--- 镜像管理
添加镜像
#vagrant box add centos/7

查看镜像
#vagrant box list
centos/7 (virtualbox, 2004.01)

-- 配置管理
初始化默认Vagrantfile
#vagrant init

配置Vagrantfile定义虚拟机 , 启动虚拟机
#vagrant up

查看状态
#vagrant status
Current machine states:

node0                     running (virtualbox)
node1                     running (virtualbox)
node2                     running (virtualbox)
node3                     running (virtualbox)

登录虚拟机
#vagrant ssh node0

关闭
#vagrant halt

停止并销毁
#vagrant destroy 

重新加载,重启
#vagrant reload

注意事项

将当前路径的所有内容同步到虚拟机内
Rsyncing folder: /当前路径 => /vagrant

基本方法
     box             manages boxes: installation, removal, etc.
     cloud           manages everything related to Vagrant Cloud
     destroy         stops and deletes all traces of the vagrant machine
     halt            stops the vagrant machine
     reload          restarts vagrant machine, loads new Vagrantfile configuration
     resume          resume a suspended vagrant machine
     ssh             connects to machine via SSH
     status          outputs status of the vagrant machine
     up              starts and provisions the vagrant environment 

配置文件

cat Vagrantfile

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
    config.vm.box = "centos/7"
    config.vm.box_check_update = false
    config.ssh.insert_key = false
    config.vm.define "node0", primary: true do |s|
        s.vm.hostname = "node0"
        s.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.10.10.10"
        s.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
            v.linked_clone = true
            v.customize [
                    "modifyvm", :id,
                    "--memory", 2048,
                    "--cpus", "2",
                    "--nictype1", "virtio",
                    "--nictype2", "virtio",
                    "--hwvirtex", "on",
                    "--ioapic", "on",
                    "--rtcuseutc", "on",
                    "--vtxvpid", "on",
                    "--largepages", "on"
                ]
        end
    end

    config.vm.define "node1" do |s|
        s.vm.hostname = "node1"
        s.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.10.10.11"
        s.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
            v.linked_clone = true
            v.customize [
                    "modifyvm", :id,
                    "--memory", 1024,
                    "--cpus", "1",
                    "--nictype1", "virtio",
                    "--nictype2", "virtio",
                    "--hwvirtex", "on",
                    "--ioapic", "on",
                    "--rtcuseutc", "on",
                    "--vtxvpid", "on",
                    "--largepages", "on"
                ]
        end
    end

    config.vm.define "node2" do |s|
        s.vm.hostname = "node2"
        s.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.10.10.12"
        s.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
            v.linked_clone = true
            v.customize [
                    "modifyvm", :id,
                    "--memory", 1024,
                    "--cpus", "1",
                    "--nictype1", "virtio",
                    "--nictype2", "virtio",
                    "--hwvirtex", "on",
                    "--ioapic", "on",
                    "--rtcuseutc", "on",
                    "--vtxvpid", "on",
                    "--largepages", "on"
                ]
        end
    end

    config.vm.define "node3" do |s|
       s.vm.hostname = "node3"
       s.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.10.10.13"
       s.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
           v.linked_clone = true
           v.customize [
                   "modifyvm", :id,
                   "--memory", 1024,
                   "--cpus", "1",
                   "--nictype1", "virtio",
                   "--nictype2", "virtio",
                   "--hwvirtex", "on",
                   "--ioapic", "on",
                   "--rtcuseutc", "on",
                   "--vtxvpid", "on",
                   "--largepages", "on"
                    ]
            end
        end
    config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
      # 可以root用户 登录 密码：vagrant
      sudo sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      sudo sed -i 's/^PasswordAuthentication no/PasswordAuthentication yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      systemctl restart sshd

    SHELL
end

镜像管理

查看现有虚拟机信息

vboxmanage list vms
"centos-7-1-1.x86_64_1644905216545_42674" {d21b3936-af34-4384-a661-a42b808335e1}
"kvm_node0_1644905231518_15885" {5bb1e4a9-8a38-4ef8-a763-cd14cebf7463}
"kvm_node1_1644906746126_25397" {ef45e4a8-24d5-437d-a09e-d2931bdf38f6}
"kvm_node2_1644908326313_91281" {baf4644f-d1e0-4aa0-a789-0d0a1ea2ad99}
"kvm_node3_1644908463101_26319" {5958eb7d-feed-432b-839a-e46945de6f17}

查看虚拟机详细信息

vboxmanage showvminfo 5bb1e4a9-8a38-4ef8-a763-cd14cebf7463

虚拟机打包成镜像

vagrant package --base kvm_node3_1644908463101_26319 --output basekvm.box

载入镜像

vagrant box add ./base_kvm.box  --name new_node

查看镜像载入情况

vagrant box list

快照管理

生成快照
vagrant snapshot save node0 v.1.1

查看快照
vagrant snapshot list node0 

删除快照
vagrant snapshot delete node0 v.1.1

恢复快照
vagrant snapshot restore node0 v.1.1

遇见错误

ubuntu 20.04 指定 private_network 时

here was an error while executing `VBoxManage`, a CLI used by Vagrant
for controlling VirtualBox. The command and stderr is shown below.

Command: ["hostonlyif", "ipconfig", "vboxnet4", "--ip", "10.0.2.1", "--netmask", "255.255.255.0"]

Stderr: VBoxManage: error: Code E_ACCESSDENIED (0x80070005) - Access denied (extended info not available)
VBoxManage: error: Context: "EnableStaticIPConfig(Bstr(pszIp).raw(), Bstr(pszNetmask).raw())" at line 242 of file VBoxManageHostonly.cpp

解决 sudo vim /etc/vbox/networks.conf

* 0.0.0.0/0